Analytical Study and Physicochemical Evaluation of Petroproducts and Biofuel–Petrofuel Blends

Abstract: The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have intensified research into alternative fuels. Biofuels derived from biomass sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste oils are among the most promising renewable fuels for blending with petroproducts. This review article examines the analytical techniques and physicochemical evaluation methods applied to petroproducts and biofuel petrofuel blends. It highlights critical fuel properties, their measurement methods, performance implications, and the effects of blending biofuels with conventional diesel and gasoline. The assessment emphasizes techniques such as gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and physicochemical tests including density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, cetane/octane numbers, and cold flow properties. The review concludes with the challenges, opportunities, and future directions in this field, proposing that comprehensive analytical and physicochemical evaluations are essential for optimizing biofuel blends for industrial adoption.

Keywords: Analytical Study, Physicochemical Evaluation, Petroproducts, Biofuel, Petrofuel