Efficient estimator of population mean in SR

Abstract: By guaranteeing a non-zero likelihood of choosing a population member, Probability Sampling techniques reduces bias and improves generalizability. There are several techniques, such as cluster sampling, multistage sampling, sampling with stratification, systematic sampling, and simple random sampling. This study examines probability sampling, its importance, and comparative analysis using Mean Square Error, bias, and efficiency. Cluster and sampling with multiple stages are helpful for populations that are spread out geographically, results show that sampling with stratification is the most dependable.

Keyword: Bias, Mean Square Error, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Probability Sampling, and Simple Random Sampling