Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in Chhattisgarh: A Comprehensive Review of Dengue, Malaria, and Chikungunya

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major public health concern in India, with malaria declining nationally while dengue and chikungunya show upward trends in urban areas. Chhattisgarh, despite comprising only ~2% of the population, has historically contributed 12–14% of India’s malaria cases, driven by extensive forests, tribal communities, and high Plasmodium falciparum transmission in southern divisions (Bastar, Surguja). Under NCVBDC guidance, intensified interventions—including mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying, rapid diagnostic testing, and real-time surveillance via IHIP—have driven substantial progress. State positivity rate fell to ~0.51%, with Annual Parasite Incidence markedly reduced in most areas. Dengue control achieved a dramatic >90% case reduction in 2025 (336 cases up to late December vs. 3,523 in 2024) and zero dengue deaths, reflecting improved early detection and case management. Persistent challenges include elevated malaria burden in southern forested pockets, climate-driven vector proliferation, and gaps in community awareness of Aedes breeding sites. Sustained success requires region-tailored strategies, stronger grassroots engagement in source reduction, and adaptive surveillance to reach malaria elimination and contain arboviral resurgence.

Keywords: Mosquito-borne diseases; Dengue; Malaria; Chikungunya; Chhattisgarh; Disease patterns; Public health interventions